Gas Treatment FM FLURO is a specialized, pelletized activated carbon engineered for the highly effective and selective removal of fluoride compounds from industrial gas streams. Unlike general-purpose carbons, FM FLURO undergoes a unique surface modification to enable chemisorption, a process where the fluoride compounds chemically bond to the carbon surface. This provides a more robust and permanent removal solution than simple physical adsorption.

FM Fluro™ is FirstMolecule’s advanced range of activated carbons designed for PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and other fluorinated organics. These carbons leverage special pore structures, hydrophobic surface chemistries, and functionalized variants to selectively capture PFOS, PFOA, GenX, short-chain PFAS, and fluoropolymers — from groundwater, surface water, industrial wastewater, and soil systems.

Its uniform pellet shape ensures a low pressure drop and high structural integrity, making it ideal for use in deep-bed reactors and filtration towers in industries such as aluminum smelting, where the control of fluoride emissions is critical for environmental compliance and workplace safety.

Technical Evaluation & Competitive Advantage

Targeted Chemisorption: FM FLURO is not a general-purpose filter; it’s a targeted solution. Its surface chemistry is specifically designed to react with and permanently remove fluoride gases, providing a removal efficiency that is far superior to that of untreated activated carbons.

Extended Service Life: Because FM FLURO relies on chemical bonding rather than physical saturation, it has a significantly higher capacity for fluoride compounds, resulting in a much longer service life and reduced media replacement costs.

High Mechanical Strength: Our robust pellet shape and high crush strength ensure the carbon maintains its integrity under the weight and flow of a deep-bed system, preventing channeling and maximizing contact efficiency.

Core Models

1. Fluro-PAC DFX — Dioxin & Furan Capture PAC Use: Primary control of PCDD/F in MSW/WtE, hazardous waste incineration, and crematoria.

Ultra-high micro/mesoporosity and surface oxygen groups adsorb PCDD/F congeners as flue gas cools through the “de novo synthesis” window. Optimized for injection upstream of the baghouse or in the SDA/atomizer zone.

Typical specifications

Form: Powdered AC (PAC), dust-controlled

Particle size (d50): 10–20 μm (baghouse-friendly)

BET surface area: 950–1200 m²/g

Pore profile: Micro + meso (favors semi-volatile organics)

Ash: ≤6% | Moisture: ≤5% | pH (slurry): neutral–slightly basic

Operating guidance

Injection temp window: 140–220 °C (typical baghouse inlet)

Dosage: 5–50 mg/Nm³ depending on raw PCDD/F, residence time, and fly ash carbon

Works with: SDA + baghouse, FF with ACI lance, dry sorbent injection (DSI) systems

Target outcomes: Very low I-TEQ; polishing stage to meet stringent stack limits

Where it fits

MSW incinerators, WtE lines, clinker kilns co-firing MSW, medical waste units

2. Fluro-PAC HGB — Halogen-Enhanced PAC for Mercury (and Dioxin Co-benefit) Use: Elemental & oxidized Hg capture; enhanced performance in low-chloride flue gas.

Surface bromine/halogen sites oxidize Hg⁰ → Hg²⁺, which is then strongly adsorbed on the carbon. Halogen sites also curb dioxin formation, giving a co-benefit on PCDD/F.

Typical specifications

Form: PAC, halogen-functionalized

Particle size (d50): 10–20 μm

BET: 900–1100 m²/g

Halogen loading (Br as reference): 3–8% w/w (options by fuel/chloride)

Ash: ≤6% | Moisture: ≤5%

Operating guidance

Temp window: 130–200 °C (avoid >220 °C to limit halogen volatilization)

Dosage: 3–30 mg/Nm³ (higher at low native Cl or high SO₂)

Compatible with: SDA/DSI + FF, wet FGD downstream, SCR/ SNCR lines

Notes & options

For plants recycling fly ash to cement: evaluate halogen limits → see HGS alternative below.

3. Fluro-PAC HGS — Sulfur-Activated PAC for Mercury (Halogen-Free) Use: Mercury control when halogens in ash are restricted (cement, concrete, ash reuse).

S-impregnation creates reduced sulfur sites forming Hg–S species with low vapor pressure. Provides robust Hg capture without bromine carry-over to ash.

Typical specifications

Form: PAC, sulfur-functionalized

Particle size (d50): 10–20 μm

BET: 850–1050 m²/g

Sulfur loading: 5–10% w/w

Ash: ≤6% | Moisture: ≤5%

Operating guidance

Temp window: 140–210 °C

Dosage: 5–40 mg/Nm³ (optimize for Hg⁰/Hg²⁺ split and SO₃ presence)

Ideal when the plant must limit halogens in fly ash or downstream systems

4. Fluro-PAC DFMX — Dual-Function MSW Universal (Dioxin/Furan + Mercury) Use: One-grade solution for lines with variable waste mix and swinging emissions.

Balanced matrix of micro/mesoporosity plus hybrid functional sites (low-dose halogen + reduced sulfur) to simultaneously:

Adsorb PCDD/F (semi-volatile organic capture)

Oxidize and bind Hg⁰/Hg²⁺ across normal baghouse temperatures

Typical specifications

Form: PAC, hybrid functionalization

Particle size (d50): 12–22 μm

BET: 900–1100 m²/g

Functionalization: Br 1–3% + S 2–5% (custom ranges available)

Ash: ≤6% | Moisture: ≤5%

Operating guidance

Temp window: 140–210 °C

Dosage: 8–35 mg/Nm³ (adjust to raw load and RH)

Great as a single silo solution for multi-line plants

5. Fluro-GAC MSW-Bed — Granular Carbon Polishing Bed (Optional/Downstream) Use: Secondary polishing of Hg and organics downstream of the baghouse (e.g., before stack or quench/FGD bypasses).

Specs & fit

Form: GAC 8×30 or 12×40, high hardness (>96%), BET 900–1050 m²/g

Service: Fixed-bed guard filter or side-stream recirc; ΔP-optimized coarse grades available

When to use: Tightening emission limits, brownfield plants where ACI space is constrained, or startup/transient excursions

6. FM Fluro-GAC CS 1240 (Granular, Coconut-Shell Special Grade) Target: Long-chain PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA) in water treatment.

Base & Form: Coconut shell GAC, 12×40 mesh.

Key Features:

High micropore volume for strong hydrophobic interaction with PFAS chains.

Excellent hardness for long bed life in packed columns.

Optimized for municipal drinking water and groundwater remediation.

Specifications:

Particle Size: 12×40 mesh

Surface Area (BET): 1000–1100 m²/g

Iodine Number: ≥1000 mg/g

Hardness: >95%

Bulk Density: 0.50–0.52 g/cc

Applications:

Groundwater remediation of PFOS/PFOA.

Drinking water utilities treat EPA-regulated PFAS compounds.

Industrial discharge polishing (textiles, plating, paper).

7. FM Fluro-GAC 830 SG (Special Grade Granular – Organic Base) Target: Short-chain PFAS & mixed perfluoroalkyl acids.

Base & Form: Special organic base, 8×30 mesh GAC.

Key Features:

Balanced micro/meso pore distribution → captures short-chain PFAS (PFBA, PFHxA, PFBS).

High flow capacity for industrial continuous treatment.

Superior attrition resistance for long service cycles.

Specifications:

Particle Size: 8×30 mesh

Surface Area (BET): 950–1050 m²/g

Iodine Number: ≥950 mg/g

Hardness: >96%

Bulk Density: 0.48–0.50 g/cc

Applications:

Industrial wastewater from chemical plants.

Short-chain PFAS hotspots where conventional GAC struggles.

Pretreatment prior to ion-exchange resins or membranes.

8. FM Fluro-PAC CS (Powdered Carbon – Coconut Special) Target: Rapid treatment, emergency PFAS spill response.

Base & Form: Coconut shell PAC, special PFAS grade.

Key Features:

Fast kinetics for rapid PFAS adsorption in dispersive systems.

High efficiency for short to medium chain PFAS.

Designed for slurry dosing, emergency spill treatment, sediment stabilization.

Specifications:

Particle Size: <200 mesh

Surface Area (BET): 1100–1200 m²/g

Iodine Number: ≥1000 mg/g

Bulk Density: 0.42–0.48 g/cc

Applications:

PFAS emergency containment (firefighting foam residues).

Sediment and soil blending for contaminated sites.

Short-term shock dosing in industrial systems.

9. FM Fluro-IMP (Functionalized GAC/PAC) Target: Complex PFAS mixtures & co-contaminant systems.

Base & Form: Functionalized activated carbon (GAC or PAC), impregnated with tailored groups.

Key Features:

Enhanced surface chemistry for selective capture of short-chain PFAS & GenX.

Resistant to competitive adsorption from NOM (natural organic matter).

Dual-mode capture: hydrophobic + ionic binding.

Specifications:

Surface Area: 900–1000 m²/g

Functional loading: 1–5% (cationic modifiers)

Hardness: >90% (GAC version)

Applications:

Advanced municipal treatment plants.

PFAS-contaminated soils with mixed organics + fluoropolymers.

Pretreatment before AOP (advanced oxidation).

10. FM Fluro-PEI Hybrid (PEI-Coated Carbon for Specialized Capture) Target: PFAS + polymeric pollutants in mixed industrial waste.

Base & Form: Activated carbon enhanced with polyethyleneimine (PEI) or similar polymers.

Key Features:

Engineered for PFAS + polymeric pollutants (resins, surfactants, polymer effluents).

Strong ionic interactions complement hydrophobic adsorption.

Stable performance under wide pH conditions.

Specifications:

Surface Area: 850–950 m²/g

Polymer functionalization: 2–4% loading

Bulk Density: 0.45–0.50 g/cc

Applications:

Specialty wastewater (electronics, coatings, fluoropolymer manufacturing).

Soil stabilization in PFAS + polymer co-contamination.

Research-driven pilot systems for mixed residues

Comparison Matrix