FM THIOVA
FM THIOVA is a family of engineered activated carbons with high sulfur loading, tailored for the removal of mercury, reduced sulfur compounds, and heavy metals from industrial gas, liquid, and wastewater streams. Unlike conventional activated carbons that rely primarily on physisorption, THIOVA employs reactive chemisorption, binding target molecules through strong sulfur–metal interactions and catalytic pathways.
Applications range from flue gas treatment in waste-to-energy plants to wastewater polishing for metal removal and refinery process off-gas scrubbing.
Mercaptan Treatment FM THIOVA is a specialized, catalytic Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) specifically formulated for the efficient and complete removal of mercaptans and other volatile sulfur compounds from natural gas, biogas, and air streams. This carbon is impregnated with a proprietary blend of catalysts that actively promote the oxidation of these odorous and corrosive compounds into non-toxic elemental sulfur.
By leveraging both the physical adsorption capabilities of the carbon and the catalytic power of the impregnant, FM THIOVA provides a powerful, dual-action solution that is essential for natural gas sweetening, odor control, and ensuring the safety of industrial processes.
Technical Evaluation & Competitive Advantage
Catalytic Conversion: Unlike carbons that can become quickly saturated with mercaptans, FM THIOVA’s catalytic action converts them into solid sulfur, which remains on the carbon. This process allows for a significantly higher overall capacity and longer service life.
High Breakthrough Capacity: Our product’s breakthrough capacity for mercaptans is a key metric. FM THIOVA is engineered to have an extended time to breakthrough, ensuring continuous and reliable purification without frequent media change-outs.
Broad Spectrum Sulfur Removal: While designed for mercaptans, the catalytic action is also highly effective at removing other sulfur species like hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), making it a versatile and comprehensive solution for sulfur control.
Core Models
Description:
A high-capacity activated carbon pellet impregnated with basic functional groups for selective removal of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from gas streams. The pelletized structure ensures low pressure drop while delivering long bed life in high-load environments.
Mechanism:
Chemisorption of H₂S onto alkaline impregnants forms stable sulfide salts. Reaction pathways allow for both reversible adsorption and irreversible binding, ensuring minimal breakthrough.
Key Features:
Capacity > 0.25 g H₂S/g carbon
Low ΔP due to uniform 4 mm pellet geometry
Excellent moisture tolerance, ideal for humid gas streams
Can be regenerated under mild conditions (thermal or air sweep)
Applications:
Biogas purification
Sewage treatment plant vent gases
Landfill gas odor control
Syngas and natural gas desulfurization
Description:
Specialized activated carbon pellet impregnated with alkali and metal oxides for selective removal of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and other acid gases. Designed for stack gas polishing and emission control.
Mechanism:
SO₂ reacts with alkali impregnants to form stable sulfates. The carbon matrix maintains high porosity for fast kinetics even at elevated humidity levels.
Key Features:
Strong affinity for SO₂ and acid gases
Thermal stability up to 120 °C
High efficiency under wet flue gas conditions
Resistant to pore blocking from acidic condensates
Applications:
Flue gas treatment in industrial boilers
Municipal waste incinerator exhaust polishing
Emergency SO₂ scrubbing systems
Petrochemical stack emissions
Description:
Catalytic grade activated carbon tailored for removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS₂), which are challenging sulfur compounds in refinery and petrochemical gas streams.
Mechanism:
Catalytic impregnants hydrolyze COS into H₂S, which is then bound irreversibly by chemisorptive sites. CS₂ undergoes catalytic oxidation pathways.
Key Features:
Dual mechanism: catalysis + chemisorption
High selectivity for COS/CS₂ vs. non-sulfur VOCs
Operates efficiently under pressurized natural gas conditions
Broad operating window up to 100 °C
Applications:
Natural gas sweetening
Refinery fuel gas treatment
Petrochemical process vents
Syngas conditioning
Description:
A hybrid-impregnated granular carbon (8×30 mesh) designed for general reduced sulfur compound (RSC) control. Balanced impregnation chemistry allows broad-spectrum sulfur capture.
Mechanism:
Combination of physisorption and impregnant-based chemisorption provides wide coverage for H₂S, sulfides, mercaptans, and thiols.
Key Features:
Granular format for bed retrofits and filters
Economical option with broad sulfur control
Good moisture tolerance
Flexible for odor control applications
Applications:
Wastewater odor control filters
Pump station vents
Industrial scrubber systems
Landfill odor suppression
Description: A 4 mm pelletized activated carbon impregnated with silver/copper catalytic complexes specifically engineered for mercaptan (thiol) removal. Delivers high efficiency in refinery and petrochemical applications.
Mechanism: Mercaptans bind irreversibly via catalytic oxidation and metal-thiolate complex formation, ensuring no breakthrough under typical design EBCT.
Key Features:
Exceptional selectivity for methyl, ethyl, and tertiary-butyl mercaptans
Irreversible binding prevents desorption
Long bed life even in mixed sulfur environments
Pelletized for low ΔP in high-flow systems
Applications:
LPG/LNG odorant removal
Refinery vent polishing
Petrochemical solvent purification
Landfill gas thiol control
Description: A 3 mm pellet variant of Mercapto-P4, designed for applications requiring faster kinetics and lower pressure drop across compact beds.
Key Features:
Same impregnation as P4, but with smaller pellet size
Higher surface area contact per volume
Optimized for compact vessels and high face-velocity systems
Applications:
Compact refinery vent scrubbers
LNG odorant control in small skids
Mobile odor control filters
Description: Powdered activated carbon (PAC) grade impregnated for emergency mercaptan capture in water and vapor phase dosing.
Key Features:
Very fast kinetics due to fine powder size
Effective for emergency spills and short-term odor events
Easy dispersion in aqueous dosing systems
Applications:
Emergency odor spills at petrochemical sites
Mercaptan spike events in wastewater
Dosed into liquid systems for quick mercaptan control
Description:
A high-temperature mercaptan removal carbon designed for FCCU and petrochemical vent gases where operating conditions reach up to 180 °C.
Mechanism:
Special impregnants retain catalytic activity under thermal stress, preventing deactivation.
Key Features:
Stable performance up to 180 °C
High selectivity for mercaptans even under hot dry gas conditions
Engineered for refinery and process plant exhaust streams
Applications:
Fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) vents
Hot process vents in petrochemical refineries
Thermal oxidizer bypass gases
Description: Low-silver variant designed for markets with strict leachability or ash reuse regulations, where silver content in spent carbon is restricted.
Key Features:
Reduced Ag/Cu loading while retaining catalytic selectivity
Lower leaching risk in spent carbon disposal
Meets environmental compliance in cement kiln co-processing
Applications:
Regions with strict environmental regulations
Sites requiring low-ash residue handling
Cement feed co-processing of spent carbon
| Model | Form | Target Compounds | Impregnation / Chemistry | Capacity Highlights | Operating Temp. (°C) | Best Suited Applications | Remarks |
| FM THIOVA-H₂S | 4 mm pellets | Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) | High sulfur loading, basic functional groups | High capacity (>0.25 g H₂S/g carbon) | –20 to 80 | Biogas, syngas, WWTP off-gas, sewer odor | Cost-efficient, regenerable under mild conditions |
| FM THIOVA-SOX | 4 mm pellets | Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), acid gases | Metal oxide & alkali impregnation | High SO₂ uptake, acid neutralization | –20 to 120 | Flue gas polishing, stack emission control | Stable at high humidity; needs proper disposal |
| FM THIOVA-COS | 4 mm pellets | Carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS₂) | Catalytic impregnation (metal oxide + alkaline sites) | Good conversion of COS → H₂S + chemisorption | –20 to 100 | Natural gas sweetening, petrochemical vents | Often paired with H₂S removal media |
| FM THIOVA-Sulfide | Granular (8×30 mesh) | General reduced sulfur (H₂S, sulfides, thiols mix) | Hybrid impregnation (alkali + transition metal) | Broad-spectrum sulfur adsorption | –20 to 80 | Waste gas scrubbers, odor control | Economical broad-use variant |
| FM THIOVA-Mercapto-P4 | 4 mm pellets | Mercaptans (methyl, ethyl, t-butyl), thiols | Sulfur + Cu/Ag catalyst impregnation | High selectivity for mercaptans; irreversible binding | –20 to 120 | Refinery vents, LPG/LNG odorant control, petrochemicals, landfill gas polishing | Specialized thiol-grade; lead/lag setup recommended |
| FM THIOVA-Mercapto-P3 | 3 mm pellets | Same as above | Same chemistry, smaller pellet size | Similar, with lower ΔP | –20 to 120 | Compact vessels, higher flowrates | Better kinetics due to smaller pellet |
| FM THIOVA-Mercapto-PAC | Powder (PAC) | Emergency mercaptan spill/off-gas | Same impregnation on fine powder | Fast kinetics, short contact time | Ambient to 80 | Water treatment dosing, emergency odor control | One-time use; disposal required |
| FM THIOVA-Mercapto-HT | 4 mm pellets | Mercaptans in hot process vents | Sulfur + high-temp catalyst impregnation | Maintains capacity up to 180 °C | –20 to 180 | FCCU vents, petrochemical hot gases | High-temp tolerant |
| FM THIOVA-Mercapto-LowAg | 4 mm pellets | Mercaptans | Low Ag/Cu variant | Lower leaching, meets ash reuse criteria | –20 to 120 | Sites with strict leachate/cement feed rules | Slightly lower overall capacity |
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